What are the causes of hyperhomocysteinemia?

       In the metabolic pathway of homocysteine, the abnormality or deficiency of any enzyme or its cofactor may cause metabolic disorders of homocysteine, leading to the accumulation of hyperhomocysteinemia in the body.

       The common causes of hyperhomocysteinemia include genetic and nutritional factors.

       Hereditary factors refer to the three key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine, namely methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cysteine sulfide- β- Deficiency or decreased activity of synthase (CBS) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR).

       Nutritional factors refer to the deficiency of metabolic cofactors such as folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are essential factors in the metabolism of homocysteine. The deficiency of metabolic cofactors caused by various factors can lead to the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia, such as drinking, smoking, and other unhealthy lifestyles that can lead to excessive consumption of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, or insufficient intake of these nutrients, For example, oral administration of drugs such as methotrexate and isoniazid can affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients.